{"id":2566,"date":"2014-03-24T17:46:10","date_gmt":"2014-03-24T16:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.slsa.ch\/?page_id=2566"},"modified":"2024-10-09T11:18:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T09:18:51","slug":"chichictara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/slsa.ch\/en\/completed-projects\/chichictara\/","title":{"rendered":"Chichictara"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”45″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][heading]PERU<\/p>\n

Chichictara: Pr\u00e4historische Petroglyphen in S\u00fcdperu<\/h4>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”40″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][nectar_gmap map_type=”leaflet” zoom=”8″ marker_style=”default” color=”accent-color” marker_image=”1366″ marker_animation=”1″ size=”450″ map_center_lat=”-11.488552″ map_center_lng=”-77.119555″ map_markers=”-11.488552|-77.119555|SLSA in Peru”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”10″ bottom_padding=”0″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Im unteren Palpatal an der S\u00fcdk\u00fcste Perus liegt der Petroglyphen-Fundort Chichictara. Rund 150 bearbeitete Felsbl\u00f6cke befinden sich in einem trockenen Seitental und am \u00f6stlichen Rand des Palpatales. Die in das weiche magmatische Gestein eingepickten Bilder zeigen antropomorphe, zoomorphe und geometrische Figuren, ja sogar ganze Szenen aus dem damaligen Leben. Die meisten dieser Petroglyphen k\u00f6nnen aufgrund ikonografischer Vergleiche der Initialzeit (1800 \u2013 800 v. Chr.) und der nachfolgenden Paracas-Kultur (800 \u2013 200 v. Chr.) zugewiesen werden. Die Petroglyphen von Chichictara geh\u00f6ren zur eindr\u00fccklichen F\u00fclle symbolbeladener arch\u00e4ologischer Zeugnisse im Nasca-Gebiet. Dank der zehnj\u00e4hrigen F\u00f6rderung der Untersuchungen in Palpa durch die SLSA ist die kulturelle Entwicklung in dieser Gegend in einzigartiger Genauigkeit und Vollst\u00e4ndigkeit erforscht worden (SLSA – Projekte \u201eNasca in Palpa\u201c und \u201eParacas in Palpa\u201c). F\u00fcr die Interpretation der Petroglyphen ist dies eine optimale Ausgangslage. Es zeichnet sich bereits jetzt ab, dass das Chichictara-Projekt die zehnj\u00e4hrige arch\u00e4ologische T\u00e4tigkeit im Gebiet von Palpa auf eindr\u00fcckliche Weise abzurunden vermag.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Kontakt:<\/strong>
\nUniversit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich
\npeterfux@mac.com<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.prehist.uzh.ch<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]PDF 2006<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5161″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Lage von Palpa an der S\u00fcdk\u00fcste Perus (2006).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5160″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Panoramafoto des unteren Palpatales mit dem Fundort Chichictara (rot eingerahmt).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5159″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Der Petroglyphen-Fundort Chichictara.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”10″ bottom_padding=”50″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Projektbeschreibung<\/strong>
\nDie Petroglyphen sind ein gestalterischer Eingriff in die anstehende nat\u00fcrliche Umgebung. Daher sollten nicht nur die Zeichnungen, sondern auch ihre Lage in der Landschaft dokumentiert und in der arch\u00e4ologischen Interpretation miteinbezogen werden. Die Kernzone im Rahmen der Projektarbeiten, welche mit \u00fcber 60 bearbeiteten Felsen die meisten Petroglyphen des Gesamtbereiches aufweist, wird mit einem terrestrischen Laserscanner vermessen. Aus den gewonnenen Daten l\u00e4sst sich ein dreidimensionales digitales Gel\u00e4ndemodell von Chichictara erstellen. Die einzelnen Felsen mit Petroglyphen werden photogrammetrisch erfasst und ebenfalls dreidimensional digital rekonstruiert. Die einzelnen Petroglyphen werden vektorisiert, vermessen und katalogisiert. Danach f\u00fcgen wir die Felsmodelle exakt in das dreidimensionale Gel\u00e4ndemodell ein.<\/p>\n

Anschliessend wird das virtuelle Chichictara in ein dreidimensionales Gel\u00e4ndemodell der gr\u00f6sseren Umgebung von Palpa mit seinen T\u00e4lern eingebracht, das aus ASTER – Satellitenbildern errechnet wird. Dem Gesamtmodell unterlegen wir eine Datenbank (GIS), welche mit arch\u00e4ologischen Daten abgef\u00fcllt wird, die w\u00e4hrend der Aktivit\u00e4ten innerhalb der SLSA – Projekte (\u201eNasca in Palpa\u201c und \u201eParacas in Palpa\u201c) gewonnen wurden. Die mit diesen Arbeiten erzeugten Daten und Visualisierungsm\u00f6glichkeiten erlauben eine arch\u00e4ologische Interpretation der Petroglyphen, die weit \u00fcber die normalerweise \u00fcblichen ikonographischen Studien hinausgehen. Die Petroglyphen k\u00f6nnen in ihrem arch\u00e4ologischen und topographischen Kontext \u201egelesen\u201c werden. So sind wir endlich in der Lage, Felsbilder nicht nur zu katalogisieren und typologisieren, wie das in der Arch\u00e4ologie l\u00e4ngst praktiziert wird, sondern ihrer Stellung in der damaligen Gesellschaft und ihrer Deutung fundiert nachzugehen.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5158″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Petroglyphe von Chichictara.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5157″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Petroglyphe von Chichictara.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”10″ bottom_padding=”50″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Feldarbeiten im Herbst 2006<\/strong>
\nIn den Monaten September und Oktober 2006 konnten die Feldarbeiten des Chichictara-Projektes erfolgreich durchgef\u00fchrt werden.<\/p>\n

1. Laserscanning
\nIn Kooperation mit der HafenCity Universit\u00e4t Hamburg (Prof. Th. Kersten, Department Geomatik) wurde das Gel\u00e4nde (300 x 400 m) von 14 Standpunkten aus mit einem terrestrischen Laserscanner vermessen. Der Scanner misst im Impulslaufzeitverfahren bis zu 5000 Punkte pro Sekunde. Die Messgenauigkeit liegt bei 6 mm auf 200 m Distanz. Betrieben wird der Scanner mit einem Benzingenerator, die Steuerung l\u00e4uft \u00fcber das Laptop. Die sechst\u00e4gige Feldarbeit ergab 27 Millionen Messpunkte. Die Aufl\u00f6sung des Gel\u00e4ndes betr\u00e4gt 15 cm auf eine Distanz von 100 m. Die im Gel\u00e4nde mit weissen Kunststoffkugeln gekennzeichneten Passpunkte wurden vom Scanner automatisch erkannt, womit die relative Position des Ger\u00e4tes zu den Passpunkten errechnet werden konnte. Die Passpunktkoordinaten ermittelten wir mit einem Tachymeter. Anschliessend konnten die Scannerstandpunkte mit einer durchschnittlichen Genauigkeit von 1.5 cm in ein lokales Koordinatensystem transformiert werden. Die absoluten Koordinaten bestimmten wir mit GPS-Messungen.<\/p>\n

2. Photogrammetrie
\nIn Kooperation mit der ETH Z\u00fcrich (Prof. Dr. A. Gr\u00fcn, Institut f\u00fcr Geod\u00e4sie und Photogrammetrie) konnten w\u00e4hrend der Feldkampagne s\u00e4mtliche mit Petroglyphen versehenen Felsen photogrammetrisch erfasst werden. Jeder Fels wurde aus unterschiedlichster Perspektive mit einer hochaufl\u00f6senden Digital-Spiegelreflexkamera fotografiert, was pro Fels 20 bis 80 Bilder ergab. Vorg\u00e4ngig versahen wir die Felsen mit wieder abnehmbaren so genannten Targets (Kartonpl\u00e4ttchen mit konzentrischem Kreismuster), einem Nordpfeil und einem Massstab. Die Targets helfen bei der anschliessenden 3D-Modellierung der Felsen. Sind n\u00e4mlich mehrere Targets auf verschiedenen Fotos aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive zu erkennen, kann mittels einer speziellen Photogrammetrie-Software die Kamera-Position f\u00fcr jedes Foto ermittelt werden. Die Bilder werden so orientiert und ein 3D-Modell des Felsens kann erstellt werden. Der Nordpfeil und eine dreifache GPS-Messung erm\u00f6glichen die Ausrichtung des Objektes und der Massstab erlaubt die exakte Skalierung des Modells.<\/p>\n

3. Survey
\nMehrere Surveys w\u00e4hrend der Feldkampagne ergaben, dass sich der Fundort Chichictara an einer damals intensiv begangenen Fernhandelsroute befindet, die das Hochland mit der K\u00fcstenregion verbindet. Spuren des Fusspfades sind noch deutlich erkennbar und Keramikfunde bezeugen die damalige Nutzung. Erh\u00e4rtet wurde diese Annahme noch durch den Umstand, dass im Hochland auf rund 3200 m \u00fc. M. ein weiterer Petroglyphen-Fundplatz an der postulierten Handelsroute gefunden werden konnte. Der ausgedehnte arch\u00e4ologische Fundplatz Botiqiriyayoq befindet sich auf einer H\u00f6he von 3200 m \u00fc. M. ebenfalls an dieser Route. Zudem liegt Chichictara genau dort, wo der Fusspfad, der haupts\u00e4chlich in ausgesetzter Gratlage angelegt ist, das fruchtbare Palpa-Tal erreicht. Die Petroglyphen im Hochland sind ganz in der N\u00e4he einer alten Wasserstelle gelegen. Es ist daher sinnvoll, die Deutung der Petroglyphen auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Fruchtbarkeit und des Wassers zu suchen.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5156″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Der Laserscanner im Gel\u00e4nde.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5155″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Ein Passpunkt f\u00fcr das Scanning.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”5154″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Die Arbeiten am Laptop in der der W\u00fcste.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”10″ bottom_padding=”50″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Ausblick<\/strong>
\nDie Fertigstellung des Laserscan-Gel\u00e4ndemodells und die photogrammetrische Modellierung der Felsen finden an der HafenCity Universit\u00e4t Hamburg und an der ETH Z\u00fcrich statt. Anschliessend wird eine Software entwickelt f\u00fcr die Vermessung und Vektorisierung der einzelnen Petroglyphen. Das virtuelle Chichictara wird dann in das auf ASTER\u2013Satellitenbildern basierende Gel\u00e4ndemodell der Umgebung von Palpa mit seinen Flusst\u00e4lern eingebaut. Das resultierende Gesamtmodell werden wir mit einer Datenbank (GIS) verkn\u00fcpfen, die arch\u00e4ologische und topografische Daten enth\u00e4lt, welche w\u00e4hrend der zehnj\u00e4hrigen T\u00e4tigkeit durch die SLSA\u2013Projekte im Gebiet gesammelt werden konnten. Damit werden wir den rein dokumentarischen Arbeitsvorgang abschliessen, der uns eine optimale Datengrundlage sein wird f\u00fcr die darauf folgende arch\u00e4ologische Analyse an der Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich (Abteilung f\u00fcr Ur- und Fr\u00fchgeschichte, Prof. Dr. Ph. Della Casa) durch Peter Fux.<\/p>\n

Die Datengrundlage erlaubt vielf\u00e4ltigste Untersuchungen: \u00c4hnlichkeitsverbindungen der Petroglyphen mit anderen arch\u00e4ologischen Zeugnissen, wie beispielsweise Geoglyphen, lassen sich visualisieren, und ihre topographischen Zusammenh\u00e4nge k\u00f6nnen wir analysieren. \u00dcber \u00c4hnlichkeitsstudien mit absolut datierbarem Material, wie etwa Keramik aus physikalisch datierten Gr\u00e4bern, kann eine chronologische Einordnung der Petroglyphen erreicht werden. Einfach zu erstellen wird auch eine topographische Verteilungsanalyse von einzelnen ikonographischen Klassen sein. Vergleiche und Verbindungen \u00fcber mehrere Objektgruppen hinweg, die auch topographisch in der Datengrundlage eingebunden sind, erm\u00f6glichen Deutungsversuche der Petroglyphen. Und nicht zuletzt soll ein Verst\u00e4ndnis der damaligen gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung des Ortes Chichictara resultieren, das mit dem dokumentierenden Gesamtmodell argumentativ abgest\u00fctzt und visualisiert werden kann. Der geplante Abschluss der Arbeiten ist Ende 2007.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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