{"id":2253,"date":"2014-03-04T16:23:59","date_gmt":"2014-03-04T15:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.slsa.ch\/?page_id=2253"},"modified":"2024-10-09T10:24:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T08:24:37","slug":"fer-afrique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/slsa.ch\/en\/projects\/current-projects\/fer-afrique\/","title":{"rendered":"Fer Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”45″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][heading]BURKINA FASO AND IVORY COAST<\/p>\n

Origin and development of metallurgie in Burkina Faso and on Ivory Coast<\/h4>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”40″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][nectar_gmap map_type=”leaflet” zoom=”6″ marker_style=”default” color=”accent-color” marker_image=”1366″ marker_animation=”1″ size=”450″ map_center_lat=”9.436090″ map_center_lng=”-3.344786″ map_markers=”12.354893|-1.534377|SLSA in Burkina Faso
\n7.305839|-5.520079|SLSA in der Elfenbeink\u00fcste”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”10″ bottom_padding=”0″ text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast – Origin and Development of Iron Metallurgy <\/strong><\/p>\n

Projet financ\u00e9 par la Fondation Suisse-Liechtenstein et dirig\u00e9 par : Prof. Vincent Serneels (D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9osciences, Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg), associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Ouagadougou d’une part, et par Dr. Denis Ramseyer, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel (Institut d’arch\u00e9ologie), associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Cocody \u00e0 Abidjan d’autre part.<\/p>\n

Le fer a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le d\u00e9veloppement des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines. C\u2019est le m\u00e9tal des outils agricoles. Il est indispensable pour l\u2019intensification de la production agricole et la densification de l\u2019occupation du sol. C\u2019est aussi le m\u00e9tal des armes. Il est indispensable pour l\u2019extension et le maintien des pouvoirs militaires et politiques.<\/p>\n

La connaissance de l\u2019organisation de la production et l\u2019\u00e9valuation des quantit\u00e9s produites sont donc des donn\u00e9es qui sont n\u00e9cessaires pour comprendre les grandes \u00e9volutions historiques des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines. La zone sah\u00e9lienne, entre Dakar et le lac Tchad, renferme d\u2019innombrables vestiges mat\u00e9riels sous la forme d\u2019accumulations de scories et de fourneaux ruin\u00e9s qui t\u00e9moignent d\u2019au moins 2000 ans de production.<\/p>\n

Le projet \u00ab Sid\u00e9rurgie en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest \u00bb a pour but de stimuler les recherches dans ce domaine. Des stages de terrain sont pr\u00e9vus, \u00e0 Korsimoro au Burkina Faso (collaboration avec l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Ouagadougou) et \u00e0 Korhogo en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (collaboration avec l\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abidjan). Ces sites feront l\u2019objet d\u2019une \u00e9tude compl\u00e8te (topographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e, fouilles de fourneaux, sondages stratigraphiques) dans le but de caract\u00e9riser la technologie, de fixer la chronologie et d\u2019estimer le volume de la production. Ces stages ont pour but de transmettre aux jeunes arch\u00e9ologues africains des m\u00e9thodes de travail adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 ce type de vestiges et aux conditions de travail locales.<\/span><\/p>\n

Institutions partenaires au Burkina Faso :<\/strong>
\nD\u00e9partement d\u2019Histoire et d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie (DHA) de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Personnes responsables : Dr. L. Kot\u00e9 et Dr. L. Simpor\u00e9.<\/p>\n

en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire :<\/strong>
\nInstitut des Sciences Anthropologiques et de D\u00e9veloppement (ISAD) de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Cocody-Abidjan (C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire). Personne responsable : Dr. T. H. Ki\u00e9non-Kabor\u00e9,
\nainsi que :
\n– PASRES (Programme d\u2019Appui Strat\u00e9gique \u00e0 la Recherche Scientifique) \u00e0 Abidjan,
\n– CSRS (Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques \u00e0 Adiopodoum\u00e9),
\n– L\u2019Ambassade de Suisse en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et au Burkina Faso,
\n– Le Mus\u00e9e National des Civilisations \u00e0 Abidjan.<\/p>\n

en Suisse :<\/strong>
\n– Institut d’Ethnologie de l’Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel,
\n– Le Lat\u00e9nium, Parc et mus\u00e9e d’arch\u00e9ologie de Neuch\u00e2tel.<\/p>\n

Programme d\u2019interventions :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deux campagnes de fouilles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en janvier-f\u00e9vrier 2011 et 2012 \u00e0 Korsimoro (Burkina Faso).
\nBibliographie : SERNEELS, V., KIENON-KABORE, H., KOTE, L., KOUASSI, S., RAMSEYER,D. et SIMPORE, L. 2012. Origine et d\u00e9veloppement de la m\u00e9tallurgie du fer au Burkina Faso et en C\u00f4te d’Ivoire. Premiers r\u00e9sultats sur le site sid\u00e9rurgique de Korsimoro (Sanmatenga, Burkina Faso). ).In SLSA, Jahresbericht 2011 (rapport annuel de la Fondation Suisse-Liechtenstein pour les recherches arch\u00e9ologiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger), Tamedia, Zurich.<\/p>\n

Deux nouvelles campagnes sont programm\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion de Khorogo (C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire) en 2013 et 2014.
\nBibliographie : KABORE-KIENON, H., KOTE, L., KOUASSI, S., RAMSEYER,D., SERNEELS, V. et SIMPORE, L. 2011. Prospections arch\u00e9ologiques 2010 dans la r\u00e9gion de Toumodi et de Khorogo (C\u00f4te-d’Ivoire).In SLSA, Jahresbericht 2010 (rapport annuel de la Fondation Suisse-Liechtenstein pour les recherches arch\u00e9ologiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger), Tamedia, Zurich, 47-54.<\/p>\n

Le projet est soutenu par l’UNESCO qui l’a inscrit sur la liste des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’Ann\u00e9e internationale du rapprochement des cultures (2010).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Kontakt:
\n<\/strong>Prof. Dr. Vincent Serneels
\nEarth Sciences – Archaeometry
\nDepartment Geosciences
\nUniversity of Fribourg
\nChemin du Mus\u00e9e 6
\n1700 Fribourg – Switzerland
\nTel. +41 \/ 26 \/300 89 31
\nFax. +41 \/ 26 \/300 97 42<\/p>\n

www.unifr.ch\/geosciences\/geology<\/a>
\nEmail:<\/span>\u00a0Vincent.serneels@unifr.ch<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]PDF 2014<\/a>
\nPDF 2013<\/a>
\nPDF 2012<\/a>
\nPDF 2011<\/a>
\nPDF 2010-02<\/a>
\nPDF 2010-01<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”110″][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”4970″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Fig. 1: Fourneau de r\u00e9duction du minerai de fer dans la r\u00e9gion de Kaya (Burkina Faso).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”4972″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Fig. 2: Amas de scorie de r\u00e9duction dans la \u00e9rgion de Kaya (Burkina Faso).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”4976″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Fig. 3: Korsimoro (Burkina Faso). D\u00e9capage d’un fourneau de r\u00e9duction du minerai de fer appartenant \u00e0 la tradition technique KRS 2 (secteur 51-F1).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”4973″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Fig. 4: Korsimoro (Burkina Faso) – Relev\u00e9 d’un fourneau de r\u00e9duction du min\u00e9rai de fer appartenant \u00e0 la tradition technique KRS2 (secteur 103-2 F5). Le fond de la cuve est rempli par une scorie massive infiltr\u00e9e entre les morceaux de tuy\u00e8re de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”4975″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text]Fig. 5: Korsimoro (Burkina Faso).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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